


THE SHOE CITY 
READER 


A TEXT BOOK FOR THE USE OF ADULT FOREIGNERS 
WHO ARE BEGINNERS IN THE STUDY OF 
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 


Published by 

The New American Association 

Brockton, Mass. 


COMPILED BY 

GUY D. GOLD. Secretary 
IMMIGRATION AND* INDUSTRIAL COMMITTEE 
YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
M 1913 


STANDARD PRINTING CO. 



BROCKTON, MASS. 






EDITOR’S NOTE. 


TE-U** 



This book has been prepared to meet the needs 
of the thousands of foreign born workmen and women 
in the shoe factories of the United States. Many of 
them are quite unfamiliar with the English Language 
and most of them need a more practical knowledge of 
the Language in the vocabulary of the trade in which 
they work. 

The aim of this book is to give the general vocabu¬ 
lary of the shoe factory, and all of the sentences and 
illustrations have been drawn from the shoe trade. 
This particular volume cannot do more than give the 
general features of shoe manufacture but it is the 
hope of the editors that it will open the way for sup¬ 
plemental publications which will be more special 
and technical. 

The lessons have all been used in English classes for 
foreigners of several different nationalities and have 
proven most acceptable. 

Thanks is herewith given to the United Shoe Ma¬ 
chinery Company and the Singer Sewing Machine for 
the loan of the cuts which have been used to illustrate 
the text. Thanks is also given to the Board of Advisory 
Editors who have carefully assisted in perfecting the 
text. 


Copyrighted, 1914, by 

The Immigration and Industrial Committee, 
Young Men’s Christian Association, 
Brockton, Mass. 


JAN 23 1914 

© Cl. A 3 6 lft 9 1 




IDENTIFICATION CARD. 


Note—These questions should be answered in the 
handwriting of the employee. If he cannot write then 
he should be taught to write and these blanks can be 
filled out temporarily in the handwriting of another. 
This identification card should prove of great value 
to both employer and employee and a duplicate of it 
might well be kept in the office of the employer. 

Name. 

Address. 

Name used in native country. 

Native Country. 

When come to America. 

Naturalized, First Papers.Second 

Where employed.. 

Nature of work. 

How long employed in present place. 

Whom to notify in case of accident. 


STUDY RECORD. 

Note—This record should be kept by the employee 
for his own benefit. 

When began to study this book 
When finish studying this book 
How many lessons 

How long each lesson. 

School. 

Teacher 
























4 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


INSTRUCTIONS TO TEACHERS. 


The lessons in this Primer are based upon the 
Roberts’ system of teaching English. Teachers are 
advised to secure Dr. Roberts’ manual, English for 
Coming Americans, Association Press, 124 East 28th 
St., New York City. 

Teachers should be familiar with the operations of 
the shoe factory. Each lesson should be supple¬ 
mented with a fuller explanation of the operation being 
studied. 

Emphasis should be put upon the correct way in 
which each operation should be done. Attention 
should also be given to the language of direction for 
each operation. 

The pictures should be used to develop the students’ 
powers of observation. 

Emphasis should be upon the language of command, 
of warning, of criticism and the like: such language 
as a foreman might use. 

The supplemental lessons in the book are largely 
suggestive and should be used as the basis of more 
complete instruction along these lines. 

Copies of the factory signs, rules, bulletins and the 
like should be brought to the classroom and used in 
connection with the lessons. 

Lessons should be reviewed until the student is 
familiar with the language of shoe manufacture and 
can direct another in the operations studied. 




THE SHOE CITY READER 


5 


INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS. 

Learn the meaning of each word in the lesson. 

Study carefully each picture until you can name 
each important part. 

Repeat aloud the names you learn. 

Use the verbs correctly in other sentences. 

Make sentences of your own which will tell other 
workmen about the lesson. 

Act each operation just as though you were operating 
the machine. 

Give directions to another as to how each machine 
should be operated. 

Ask questions about each lesson. 

Do not study a new lesson until you understand the 
last lesson. 

After reading each lesson from the book repeat it 
aloud without the book. 

Write the lesson after you have read and repeated it. 

Use the English words when at work in the factory. 

Study very carefully the lessons on health, fires, 
accidents and the like. 

Read all the English signs and lists of rules in the 
factory. 

Write these rules and signs in a book to be studied 
in class. 

Do not study alone if you can get someone to study 
with you or if you can join a class. 

Do not study without a teacher if you can get 
someone to teach you. 




6 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Four Different Kinds of Shoes. 





see 

have 

put on 

take off 

are 

know 

work 

help 

walk 

ride 

are made 
are called 
are called 
is laced 
is buttoned 
heavy 
light 
wear 


THE SHOE CITY READER 7 


LESSON I. 


The Shoe. 

I see a shoe. 

I have two shoes. 

I put on my shoes 
I take off my shoes. 

My shoes are on my feet. 

I know where I work. 

I work in a shoe factory. 

I help to make shoes. 

I walk to work. 

I ride to work on the trolley car. 
Most shoes are made of leather. 
Some shoes are called low shoes. 
Some shoes are called high shoes. 
One shoe is laced. 

One shoe is buttoned. 

Men’s shoes are heavy. 

Women’s shoes are light. 
Children also wear shoes. 





8 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


STITCH 
JOINING 
OUTSOLE 
ANO WELT 


WELT- 


OUT SOLE 
CHANNEL 



STITCH 
JOINING 
OUTSOLE 
AND WELT 

‘‘WELT 

OUTSOLE. 

'••CHANNEL 


LIP OF INSOLE 


CORK FILLING L,P ° F ,N - s O L ^ 

STITCH UNITING 
•NSOed UPPER AND W£lT\ 


Cross Section of a Goodyear Welt Shoe. 



Blucher Upper, showing- Stitching, 


































THE SHOE CITY READER 


9 


LESSON II. 


look 

examine 

have 

name 

hold 

point 

tell 

upper 

vamp 

soles 

piece 

is lined 

are stitched 

is put 
welt 
is called 
hold 


Parts of a Shoe. 

I look at a shoe. 

I examine the parts of a shoe. 

Shoes have many parts. 

Can you name the parts of a shoe? 

I hold the shoe in my hand. 

I point to the parts of the shoe. 

I tell the name of each part. 

Each shoe has an upper. 

The vamp is the fore part of the upper. 
There are two soles, insole and outsole. 
Each sole is in one piece. 

The upper is lined with duck. 

The upper and welt are stitched to 
the insole. 

Cork is put between the soles. 

The outsole is stitched to the welt. 

This is called a welt shoe. 

Nails hold the heel on the shoe. 






10 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



A Shoe in Different Stages of Making. 







THE SHOE CITY READER 


11 


is made 

lasts 

foot 

assembled 
take 
put on 
laid on 
tack on 
stitch on 
pull out 
cement 
stitch on 
heel 
nail on 
finish 
carefully 
take out 
again 
is ready 


LESSON III. 


Making a Shoe. 

A shoe is made on a last. 

Lasts are made of wood. 

A last looks like a wooden foot. 

The parts of the upper are assembled. 
I take the upper in my hand. 

I put it on the last. 

The insole is laid on the last. 

I tack on the upper and insole. 

I stitch on the welt. 

I pull out the tacks. 

I cement the bottom and outsole. 

I stitch on the outsole. 

The outsole has no heel. 

I nail on the heel. 

The shoe is ready to finish. 

I finish the shoe carefully. 

I take out the last. 

I use the last again and again. 

The shoe is ready to wear. 





12 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Ideal Clicking- Machine 
Model C. 






THE SHOE CITY READER 


13 


are cut 

hand 

cutter 

uses 

block 

pattern 

around 

piles 

alike 

machine 

clicking 

dies 

are shaped 
operator 
places 
presses 

piece 

works 


LESSON IV. 


Cutting Shoe Uppers. 

: Most shoe uppers are cut from leather. 
: Some uppers are cut by hand. 

: This man is called a shoe cutter. 

: A hand cutter uses a sharp knife. 

: The leather is placed on a cutting block. 
: The cutter places a pattern on the 
leather. 

: He cuts around the pattern. 

: He piles the pieces together. 

: Pieces in each pile are alike. 

: This is a shoe cutting machine. 

: We call it a clicking machine. 

: It uses dies for cutting. 

: The dies are shaped like patterns. 

: The man is called the operator. 

: He places the die on the leather. 

: The machine presses the die through 
the leather. 

: The operator cuts piece after piece. 

: The machine works rapidly. 






14 


THE SHOE CITY READER 




Vamping Machine. 


Amazeen Skiving Machine. Duplex Eyeletting Machine. 








THE SHOE CITY READER 


15 


are sent 

skivers 

edges 

cemented 

perforates 

stitching 

sew 

lining 

are made 
is stitched 
is done 
women 

puts in 

puts on 
can fit 
twine 
assemble 


LESSON V. 

Stitching and Fitting. 

: The cut pieces are sent to the skivers. 

: The skivers operate machines. 

: The machines skive the edges thin. 

: These edges are cemented and folded. 

: A machine perforates the tips. 

: I work in the stitching room. 

: I sew together parts of the upper. 

: Other operators sew together parts of 
the lining. 

: Back stays are made of leather. 

: The back stay is stitched to the lining. 
: All stitching is done by machinery. 

: Many women work in the stitching 
room. 

: A machine puts in the eyelets and 
hooks. 

: A machine puts on the buttons. 

: Can you fit the linings to the uppers? 

: A machine laces the shoe with twine. 

: The shoe is ready to assemble. 






16 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



U. S. M. Co. Insole Tacker, No. i. 








THE SHOE CITY READER 


17 


LESSON VI. 


Assembling. 


assembled 

: How is a shoe assembled? 

prepare 

: Workmen prepare the lasts. 

counters 

: A workman wets the box toes and 
counters. 

shellacs 

: A workman shellacs the boxes and 
pastes the counters. 

boxes 

: Workmen put in the counters and box 
toes. 

stiffen 

: Counters stiffen and shape the back 
of the shoe. 

tips 

: Box toes stiffen and shape the toe tips. 

leather 

: Insoles are made of leather. 

are cut 

: Insoles are cut by dies. 

up 

: A lip is cut on the insole. 

tacks 

: Another workman tacks the insole to 
the last. 

exactly 

: The insole exactly fits the last. 

puts over 

: Another workman puts the upper over 
the last. 

back 

: He tacks the upper to the back of the 
last. 

assembled 

: The shoe is now assembled. 

aids 

: Machinery aids in assembling. 





18 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Rex Pulling: over Machine. 



THE SHOE CITY READER 


19 


is called 
pulling 
does do 
pulls over 
does work 
places 

centers 

pincers 

grasp 

treadle 

is pulled 

tightly 

quickly 

firmly 

hand 

faster 

better 


LESSON VII. 


Pulling Over. 

What is the machine called? 

It is called a pulling over machine. 
What does this machine do? 

It pulls the upper over the last. 

How does it work? 

The operator places the shoe in the 
machine. 

He centers the shoe properly. 

The machine has many pincers. 

The pincers grasp the upper. 

The operator puts his foot on the 
treadle. 

: The upper is pulled over the last. 

: The upper is pulled tightly. 

: The work is done quickly. 

: The upper is tacked firmly to the last. 

: Pulling over is sometimes done by 
hand. 

: The machine works faster than by 
hand. 

: The machine pulling makes other 
work better. 







//' .//% 


20 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



U. S. M. Co. Lasting Machine 
No. 5. 







THE SHOE CITY READER 


21 


see 

operate 

shapes 

watch 

put in 

wipers 

is held 

rests 

prepare 

lever 

wipes in 

wipes in 

wire 

tack 

open 

take out 

pound up 

lasted 


LESSON VIII. 


Lasting. 

See the lasting machine. 

I operate a lasting machine. 

The lasting machine shapes the upper 
to the last. 

: Watch me last this shoe. 

: I put the shoe in the machine. 

: The machine has two sets of wipers. 

: The shoe is held by the heel pad. 

: The toe rests on the toe pad. 

: I prepare the upper carefully. 

: I pull a lever. 

: One set of wipers wipes in the heel. 

: One set of wipers wipes in the toe. 

: I fasten the toe with wire. 

: I tack the heel seat. 

: I open the wipers of the machine. 

: I take out the shoe. 

I pound up the heel seat. 

: The shoe is now lasted. 






22 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Goodyear Welt and Turn Shoe Machine, 
Model K. 






THE SHOE CITY READER 


23 


LESSON IX. 


watch 

welting 

welt 

strong 

rolled 

grooved 

sews 

are sewn 

around 

skilled 

care 

helped 

could do 

as good as 

are called 
outsole 


Welting. 

Watch this man at work; 

He is operating a welting' machine. 

A welt is made of leather. 

A welt is very strong. 

The welt is rolled into rolls. 

The welt is grooved and beveled. 

The machine sews the welt and the 
upper to the insole. 

The welt and upper are sewn against 
the lips of the insole. 

The welt is not sewn around the heel. 
The welter is skilled in his work. 

Great care must be taken in welting. 

The welting machine helped to make 
the big shoe factory. 

Many men could not do as much as 
one machine. 

Machine welting is as good as hand 
welting. 

Shoes with welts are called welt shoes. 
The outsole is stitched to the welt. 





24 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Gearless Sole Cutter. 
Model A. 









THE SHOE CITY READER 


25 


is ready 
are made 
leather 

comes 
may be cut 
are cut 
pressed 

wastes 

split 

pressure 

rolling 

needed 

permits 

tap 

heavy 

repair 

cobbler 


LESSON X. 


Sole Leather Room. 

The shoe is ready for the outsole. 
Where are the outsoles made? 

They are made in the sole leather 
room. 

Sole leather comes in sides. 

Many soles may be cut from one side. 
Outsoles like insoles are cut by dies. 

The dies are pressed through the 
leather. 

A good cutter wastes only a little 
leather. 

Outsoles are split to even thicknesses. 

: The outsole is rolled with heavy pres¬ 
sure. 

The rolling makes it wear well. 

The outsole is cut larger than needed. 
This permits trimming and finishing. 
A half outsole is called a tap. 

A tap makes a heavy sole. 

Shoemakers repair outsoles with taps. 

A shoemaker who repairs shoes is 
called a cobbler. 







26 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Goodyear Universal Rough Rounding and®p; 
Channeling Machine. 





THE SHOE CITY READER 


27 


lay on 
will cement 
filling 

presses 

covers 

holds 

nailed 

trimming 

shapes 

channels 

edge 

heel 

opened 

carefully 

rapidly 

stitcher 

follow 


LESSON XI. 

Rounding and Channeling. 

: Let us now lay on the sole. 

: We will cement the sole. 

: Cork filling is put between the insole 
and outsole. 

: The sole laying machine presses the 
sole onto the shoe. 

: The outsole covers the entire bottom 
of the shoe. 

: The cement holds it in place for round¬ 
ing. 

: The heel seat is then nailed. 

: Rough rounding means rough trim¬ 
ming. 

: A rough rounder shapes the sole. 

: This machine also channels the sole. 

: The channel is cut near the edge of the 
outsole. 

: No channel is cut around the heel. 

: The channel is opened. 

: The operator works carefully. 

: The machine works rapidly. 

: The outsole is ready for the stitcher. 

: We will follow the shoe to the stitcher. 







28 


THE SHOE CITY READER 





Goodyear Outsole Rapid Lockstitch Machine, 
Model M. 







THE SHOE CITY READER 


29 


LESSON XII. 


watch 

does 

thread 

sews 

sews 

channel 

waxed 

stitch 

tightly 

firmly 

even 

hardens 

worn 

hard 

easy 

aloft 

have 


Outsole Stitching. 

: Watch this machine at work. 

: It does several things. 

: It puts wax on a thread. 

: It sews on the outsole. 

: It sews the outsole to the welt. 

: The outsole is sewn through the chan¬ 
nel. 

: The machine uses the waxed thread. 

: The machine makes a lock stitch. 

: It draws the thread tightly. 

: The lock stitch holds firmly. 

: See how even each stitch is. 

: The wax hardens about the stitch. 

: The stitch holds when worn off. 

: Hand stitching is hard work. 

: The machine makes stitching easy. 

: Some shoes are stitched aloft. 

: Such shoes have no channel. 








30 THE SHOE CITY READER 


Heel and Toplift Compressor. 
Number 4. 




THE SHOE CITY READER 


31 


LESSON XIII. 


heel 

let 

lifts 

builds 

rand 

number 

pasted 

hold 

compresses 

shape 

wooden 

covered 

rubber 

walking 

spoil 

narrow 


Heel Making. 

The shoe is now ready for the heel. 

Let us see how a heel is made. 

A machine cuts heel lifts from sole 
leather. 

A workman builds up the heel. 

Some heels have a rand. 

Each heel has a number of lifts. 

The lifts are pasted together. 

Nails also hold the lifts together. 

A machine compresses the heel. 
Moulds shape the heel. 

Some shoes have wooden heels. 

These heels are covered with leather. 
Some shoes have rubber heels. 

Rubber heels make walking quiet and 
easy. 

Very high heels spoil the shape of the 
foot. 

Narrow heels are hard to walk on. 






32 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Goodyear Automatic Levelling - Machine. 



THE SHOE CITY READER 


33 


LESSON XIV. 


Leveling, Heeling, Slugging. 


levels 

: The leveling machine levels the sole. 

bottom 

: It shapes the sole like the bottom of 
the last. 

glues 

: A workman glues the heel. 

fits 

: He fits the heel to the heel seat. 

places 

: He places the heel in the heeling ma¬ 
chine. 

loader 

: A boy helps by placing the nails in the 
loader. 

nails 

: The machine nails on the heel. 

drives 

: The machine drives all the nails at one 
time. 

stick up 

: The tops of the nails stick up a little 
above the heel. 

presses 

: The machine presses the toplift onto 
these nails. 

slugger 

: The heeler sends the shoes to the 
slugger. 

hold on 

: The slugs hold on the toplift. 

looks 

: The slugs add to the good looks of the 
heel. 

prevent 

: The slugs prevent the heel from wear¬ 
ing out too rapidly. 

trimming 

: The shoe is now ready for trimming and 
finishing. 





34 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


Power Heel Breasting 
Machine. 


Ross Edge Setting Machine. 
Model R. 





Edge Trimming Machine. 






THE SHOE CITY READER 


35 


LESSON XV. 


Breasting, Forepart Trimming, Edge Setting. 


follow 

: We shall follow the machine a little 
longer. 

breasts 

: This workman breasts the heel. 

must not 

: The breaster must not cut the sole. 

trims 

: This workman trims the forepart of the 
shoe sole. 

edge 

: The edge of the sole is trimmed care¬ 
fully. 

wheel 

: A wheel indents the top of the sole. 

differ 

: These marks differ with the length of 
the stitches. 

square 

: Some edges are set square. 

beveled 

: Other edges are set beveled. 

natural 

: Some edges are set natural color. 

stained 

: Many edges are stained. 

vibrating 

: The edge setting machine has a vibrat¬ 
ing tool. 

moves 

: This tool moves very rapidly. 

polishes 

: It polishes the edge with every vibra¬ 
tion. 

once 

: Edges were once set by hand. 

faster 

: The machine works very much faster. 





36 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Heel Scouring Machine. Buffing Machine. 

Model R. Model G. 




Xpedite Heelfinishing 
Machine. 


Climax Finishing 
Shaft. 




THE SHOE CITY READER 


37 


finish : 

smooth 
operation 
buffing 

brushes 

stained 

black 

waxed 

polished 

cleaned 

finishing 

padded 
slugs 
pulls 
almost 
must be done 

follow 


LESSON XVI. 


Scouring and Buffing. 

Many shoe soles have a natural finish. 
The soles are made very smooth. 

This operation is called buffing. 

The buffing machine has sandpaper on 
rolls. 

It has brushes that revolve very fast. 
Some soles are stained with colors. 
Many soles are stained black. 

Shoe soles are waxed after buffing. 

The soles are also polished. 

The stitches are cleaned. 

The heel finishing machine puts hot 
wax on the heels. 

The heels are then padded and brushed. 
A machine cleans the slugs. 

A workman now pulls the lasts. 

The shoe is almost ready for wear. 
Many other things must yet be done to 
it. 

We will follow it a while longer. 







38 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Miller Treeing Machine. 








THE SHOE CITY READER 


39 



LESSON XVII. 

Treeing. 

treer 

These men are shoe treers. 

arms 

The shoe treeing machine has two arms. 

treefoot 

Each arm holds a treefoot. 

different 

These lasts are of different sizes. 

pair 

washes 

A pair of shoes is put on the machine. 

The treer washes the spots from the 
shoes. 

removes 

: He removes all shellac, wax and the 
like from the uppers. 

handling 

: The shoes have become wrinkled from 
handling. 

wrinkles 

He irons out the wrinkles. 

irons 

He uses hot irons for this work. 

several 

He uses irons of several different shapes. 

burn 

He must be careful not to burn the 
leather. 

important 

spoil 

sold 

A treer’s work is very important. 

He tries not to spoil any shoes. 
Damaged shoes must be sold at a loss. 

inspects 

: The foreman inspects the treed shoes 
very carefully. 







40 


THE SHOE CITY READER 



Regent Stamping Machine. 





THE SHOE CITY LEADER 


41 


LESSON XVIII. 


Creasing, Boxing, Etc. 


doing 

: What is this man doing? 

creasing : 

He is creasing the vamps. 

other 

: This other man is very busy. 

stamping 

: He is stamping the soles. 

tissue 

: See the piles of tissue paper. 

boxing 

: That is used in boxing the shoes. 

pair 

: Each pair of shoes is put in a box. 

pasteboard 

: The boxes are made of pasteboard. 

shipped 

: The boxed shoes are shipped to the 
stores. 

buyers 

: Few buyers of shoes know how they are 
made. 

tell 

: Can you tell how a shoe is made? 

name 

: Name as many of the machines as you 

can. 

each 

: Tell what each machine does. 

parts 

: Do you know the parts of your ma¬ 
chine? 

describe 

: Describe how the machine works which 
you operate. 

look 

: What should we look for when we buy 
shoes? 

select 

: How can we select good shoes? 




42 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


escapes : 

keep open : 

extinguishers: 
can use : 

smoke : 

• throw : 

match : 

floors : 

smother : 

keep close : 

cover : 

excited : 

safety : 

women : 

prevent : 


LESSON XIX. 

Fires. 

I know all the stairways and fire es¬ 
capes in our factory. 

We always keep open the aisles to the 
stairways and fire escapes. 

I have seen the fire extinguishers and 
hose. 

I can use the extinguishers and hose 
properly. 

No one is permitted to smoke in the 
factory. 

I never throw a match on the floor. 

A match should always be out before 
it is thrown away. 

The floors of our factory are kept free 
from waste. 

You can smother a small fire with your 
coat. 

Keep close to the floor if caught in a 
burning room. 

Cover your head with your coat to 
keep out smoke and flames. 

I try not to become excited. 

I try to help others to safety. 

Men should let women and girls leave 
the factory first. 

It is easier to prevent fire than to 
extinguish it. 





THE SHOE CITY READER 


43 


finger 

washed 

bleeding 

cloth 

learned 

bruised 

bathed 

fainted 

clothes 

water 

rubbed 

helped 

recovered 

some 

rubbed 

washed 

eyelid 

cotton 


LESSON XX. 

Caring for Injuries. 

: Joe cut his finger. 

: He washed the cut with clean water. 

: He stopped the bleeding. 

: He tied a clean piece of cloth about 
the finger. 

: He had learned the danger of dirt in a 
wound. 

: Alex bruised his foot. 

: He bathed it in hot water. 

: Mary fainted. 

: Susan opened Mary's clothes at the 
neck. 

: She bathed Mary's face with cold water. 

: She rubbed Mary's wrists. 

: She helped Mary to breathe regularly. 

: Mary soon recovered. 

: Some dust blew into my eye. 

: I rubbed the other eye. 

: A fellow workman washed his hands 
clean. 

: He lifted the eyelid. 

: He took out the dust with some clean 
cotton on a match stick. 







44 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


slowly 
drink 
ice water 
windows 

night 

breathe 

plenty 

meals 

several 

teeth 

waste 

headache 

medicines 

sick 


LESSON XXI. 


Simple Rules of Health. 

: You should eat your meals slowly. 

: It is well to drink much good water. 

: Beware of drinking much icewater. 

: You should sleep with your windows 
open. 

: Workingmen should sleep eight hours 
each night. 

: Do you breathe deeply all of the time? 

: Have plenty of fresh air where you work. 

: Do you wash your face and hands be¬ 
fore each meal? 

: Bathe the whole body several times 
each week. 

: It is well to clean the teeth several 
times each day. 

: The waste of the body should pass off 
each day. 

: A headache may come from eyes that 
need glasses. 

: A good rule is to take no medicines un¬ 
less prescribed by a doctor. 

I do not eat nor drink anything that 
will make me weak or sick. 






THE SHOE CITY READER 


45 


LESSON XXII. 


operates 
dangers 
throw off 


clean 

drew away 

finger 

bared 

sleeves 

rules 


slipped 

careless 

fell 

hand 

become 


Accident Prevention. 

: Charles operates a machine. 

: He knows the dangers of the machine. 

: He does not throw off the belt with his 
hand or foot while the machine is run¬ 
ning. 

: He does not clean the machine while 
it is running. 

: One day a fellow workman drew away 
his attention from his machine. 

: The machine cut off his finger. 

: He works with bared arms. 

: His sleeves do not catch in the ma¬ 
chine. 

: Charles did not read the rules about 
keeping the floor clean around his 
machine. 

: One day he slipped on some scraps he 
had left. 

: He was very careless to leave them 
there. 

: He fell onto^his machine. 

: The machine cut off his hand. 

: Never become careless about machines. 







46 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


was injured 

notified 

dressed 

home 

charge 

received 

received 

hand 

additional 

injured 

disobeyed 

compensa¬ 

tion 

killed 

paid 

judges 


LESSON XXIII. 


Compensation for Injuries. 

: Harry was injured at his work. 

: He notified the foreman at once. 

: The company doctor dressed his injury 

: Harry went home. 

: The company doctor dressed his injury 
for some time free of charge. 

: He received no pay for the first few 
days he was away from work. 

: Later he received half of his average 
wages each week until he was cured. 

: He lost a hand through his injury. 

: He received additional compensation. 

: John was injured at his work. 

: He wilfully disobeyed the rules. 

He received no compensation. 

: William was killed at his work. 

: His wife was paid his compensation. 

: A board of judges settle all disputed 
cases. 








THE SHOE CITY READER 


47 



LESSON XXIV. 

Shoe Workers’ Union. 

join 

: Did you join the shoeworkers’ Union? 

attend 

: Yes, I attend every meeting. 

learn 

I learn to know my fellow workmen 
better. 

conduct 

: I help to conduct the business of the 
Union. 

helps 

: The Union helps me to settle matters 
of wages and the like with my em¬ 
ployer. 

benefits 

: The Union pays sick and death benefits. 

help 

: These benefits help my family and my¬ 
self. 

arbitrates 

: The Union arbitrates all of our troubles 
with our employers. 

arbitration 

: Arbitration keeps the men at work in 
the factories. 

benefits 

: Arbitration benefits both our em¬ 
ployers and ourselves. 

believes 

: The Union believes that one man 
must not succeed by the injury of 
others. 

teaches 

: The Union teaches that the interests of 
its members are common with those 
of the employers. 

maintain 

: The Union helps to maintain peace 
among workmen and employers. 

right 

: Members of a Union should do only 
what is right. 

secure 

: They will then secure the approval of 
most people. 





48 


THE SHOE CITY READER 


IMMIGRATION and INDUSTRIAL COMMITTEE 

OF THE 

YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

Brockton, Mass. 

Albert M. Rollins, Chairman. 

Francis E. Shaw, Clerk. 

Charles P. Holland. 

Daniel S. Howard. 

Eldon B. Keith. 

Chas. M. Ripley. 

George L. Farley. 

Frank L. Erskine. 

James B. Fraser. 


Consulting Board of Editors. 

Prof. Geo. L. Farley, Superintendent of Schools. 
Geo. N. Gordon, United Shoe Machinery Co. 
Frank L. Erskine, W. L. Douglas Shoe Co. 
Harold C. Keith, Geo. E. Keith Co. 

Stephen P. Alden, Churchill and Alden Co. 
John P. Meade, Boot and Shoe Workers’ Union. 











































































































































































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